Isn’t it funny that when we are kids we tend to enjoy collecting as a hobby but most of us do not continue this through adult life? I know as a child I enjoyed a stamp
and coin collecting hobby along with swap cards and teddy bears. I gave my stamp collection away when I got older and I sold most of my coins as well. I honestly
cannot remember what happened to the swap cards or all the teddy bears.

For a lot of people, their stamp or coin collecting hobby has continued into adulthood or perhaps they picked it up later in life as many do. But never the less there
are lots and lots of avid collectors out there. A coin collecting hobby for example can mean to the collector many things. Some like to have this type of hobby because
they love history and get great pleasure out of learning more from years gone by.

Then there are those who like to only purchase very rare and expensive coins for an investment purpose. Many people love to purchase brand new coins straight from the
mint while others collect foreign coins only. The great thing about a coin collecting hobby is that there are no rules and everyone can collect whatever they wish.

If you are a serious collector then there are groups and associations such as the American Numismatic Association that you can belong to if that is what you like.
These can be great for all you numismatists as you can have the opportunity to swap coins with other enthusiasts like yourself. They organize The World’s Fair Of Money
every year where you can learn more about this interesting hobby.

If you think you have a valuable coin in your midst then this group will also be able to help you with having your coin appraised. Even for the novice it is good to
have appraisals done on coins that you may have because you never know if you are sitting on a real hidden treasure or not. Something that may look cheap maybe worth a
lot and something that looks expensive and old may not be worth much at all. That is why it is a good idea to get them valued.

Whatever your reasons are for a coin collecting hobby you still should keep your collection in good order by displaying them in a protective folder or case. This way
you can look at them at any time safely and easily without damaging them. Leave them in a locked glass cabinet if you wish to have them on display all the time.

Having a collection such as this is also a good way to teach the family some history. Especially children. It is also one of the easiest hobbies to start your child
off with. Stamps are another great one to do. You don’t even have to buy them to start off with. You can collect them off letters from grandma or a friend and before
you know it you are hooked. These, just like the coins can also be a history lesson. I remember as a child I ended up with stamps and coins from all over the world
because my grandfather was in the ww1 and brought lots back with him and of course stamps on his letters.

The Liberty Nickel, commonly known as the “V” nickel for the Roman Numeral “V” on the reverse was officially produced from 1883 to 1912. We use the word officially
because one of the most famous coins of all is the 1913 Liberty Nickel which was produced under suspect circumstances. For more on the famous 1913 Liberty Nickel
please refer to the article titled “History of the Famous 1913 Liberty Nickel”.

In 1881, A. Loudon Snowden, Superintendent of the Philadelphia Mint directed Chief Engraver at the time, Charles Barber, to create designs for the cent, three-cent
piece and the nickel. Snowden believed that all three coins should be similar in design and metal composition. The designs created by Barber were all simple in
appearance with Lady Liberty on the obverse and a Roman Numeral I, III or V on the reverse to represent the denomination. Barber completed the request later that year
with all three coins stuck in copper-nickel which was the same as the Shield Nickel currently in circulation. The Shield Nickel, introduced in 1866, was the first
“nickel” sized coin. The half-dime, made of silver, had previously filled the need for this denomination. The Shield Nickel was well received despite the fact that
during this time period, consumers liked their coinage in silver and/or gold. And although the nickel was relatively new, its bland design made it ripe for a redesign.
Additionally, during this time period, there was not yet a federal law establishing the minimum life expectancy for US coin designs.

Changing the cent, three-cent piece and nickel was not to be. Congress opposed a change in composition to the cent and the Treasury would not approve a design change
for the three-cent piece. The three-cent silver piece has been discontinued several years before and the three-cent nickel, with the exception of 1881 had seen
declining mintage numbers. With the nickel seeming to be the only viable option for change, Barber and Snowden concentrated on making the change to the nickel a
reality. In addition to a design/appearance change, Snowden also changed the size from 20.5 mm in diameter to 21.2 mm. Snowden believed that by increasing the diameter
and reducing the thickness (the weight stayed the same), die life would be extended.

After all the finishing touches were complete, there was a special ceremony on January 30th, 1883 to introduce the new nickel. Those who attended, and were deemed
important, received first strike coins. A few days later, regular production began. The new nickels had hardly been circulated when a major problem surfaced. The coin
did not contain the word “cents” and con artists of the day were plating the nickel with gold and passing them off as $5.00 gold pieces. Because the nickel was still
new, the general public was not aware of the new nickel and since the “V” was the only symbol of value, it could mean 5 cents or 5 dollars. Unfortunately for the mint,
nearly 5 ? million nickels had already been produced and released. Barber quickly created a new design, this one with the word cents prominently displayed on the back.
The first nickels soon became known as the “no cents” nickels. The nickels that were gold plated became known as “racketeer nickels” and can still be found in old
hoards and collections.

In the end, over 16 million nickels were produced in 1883. Even though far more 1883 nickels with the word “cents” were produced, they are harder to get in good
grades. The “no cents” variety was saved by people thinking that they would be recalled/replaced.

After this initial controversy, the Liberty Nickel settled down to a calm life. There were no significant changes during the life span of the nickel, and for all but
the final year, all the nickels were made in Philadelphia. In the final year of official production, 1912, nickels were also made in Denver and San Francisco. 1913
gave way to the Buffalo Nickel followed by changed in the dime, quarter and half dollar.

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All of us have heard of scrapbook but not all of us have really ventured into creating one. One sometimes really wonders whether creating a scrapbook is something we
should attempt. These books filled with pictures, quotes and memories were definitely in vogue when we were kids and most of our parents had one wherein they stored
memorable moments of us growing up. With the digital cameras taking over, our parents definitely had many more photo albums than we do.

A scrapbook is a book that aids in collecting scraps of memory to keep safe till the time you decide to take a walk down memory lane and revisit school or college days
once you are too old to have vivid memories. It is something like a ‘pensieve’ in which Dumbledore saves his memories except the one that you have will have will need
to be created without the aid of magic.

Magic or no magic, you can conjure up a delightful scrapbook by a little bit of creativity. It can recount events of certain specific important days, have pictures of
your first crush, include dried up petals of the first rose you ever got and be personalized with hand written comments from friends and dear ones.

Each scrapbook is personal and speaks a million words about the individual. Many secrets are hidden in the folds of the book and may be revisited years later. For many
it is a fantastic way of capturing memories that you might forget later to share with your children and your loved ones once you are ready. Scrapbooks can form a
lovely intimate gift to give someone you love, be it your kids or spouse.

Some people have the urge to create their own scrapbooks but feel that they are not creative enough to do justice to the concept. For such people many companies have
made life easier by providing solution and easy do-it-yourself guides. There are many pre-packaged scrapbooks available that have various sections to kick-start the
creative process. These are fairly inexpensive and can be purchased even if you are not sure whether you shall see light at the end of the tunnel. If you are crazed
about the idea of a scrapbook and do not have the time to do it yourself, then hiring someone to do the job can also be considered. Even though the professional might
do justice to the individuality that you want to lend to the book, creating a scrapbook on your own has its own charm.

NASCAR is a fast paced sport to enjoy, it is the National Association for Stock Car Racing. Racing has gotten more popular in recent years and NASCAR is at the top of
racing news. So it should be no surprise that collecting NASCAR memorabilia is a favorite pastime of many.

Whether shopping for a loved one or for you there are plenty of the popular merchandise to choose from. If you are trying to find the perfect gift for someone else
that loves the sport, you can begin a search on the Internet.

Online you can find almost anything. If you want to order tickets to game or even set up a complete vacation revolving around NASCAR, researching prices online at
least will save you some money.

If you are looking for NASCAR clothing you will find plenty online. You can also find books about the sport, personalized gifts for fans and replica cars. Getting an
autographed picture or shirt is one way to let that special fan in your life know you care.

If you are looking for collectibles for yourself, you may find an array of ideas online. NASCAR pictures are a great search and find item on the Internet. There are so
many different ones posted on a variety of sites. With little effort you can find some pictures that not everyone has right now. They may not be quite originals but it
is fun to find pictures that are different than the ones in all the stores.
When you do find those uncommon pictures you can use your computer to make calendars, mouse pads, iron on for shirts and hats. You can customize your own clothes and
gear.

Looking online you can also get ready for all the races with all the racing schedules. You can also find plenty of history about how the sport began and where it is
going now.

Most fans have at least one favorite racecar driver and online you can read the bibliographies of all the drivers. You can also get stats and information on up and
coming drivers before the races. Finding out about the latest changes and updates to NASCAR is easy since it is readily available online.

Most websites are free or the charge is minimal to print pictures and read about favorite drivers and races. If you happen to miss a race on television a lot of sites
will allow you to watch clips and some even allow complete video segments for viewing online.
If you are looking for a biography about a particular driver, looking online is the best play to start your search. Some of the sport’s drivers are into writing their
own books and they are readily available online also.

Rare collectible NASCAR items are also worth searching online for. As more and more people connect to the Internet you will be able to buy sell or trade with other
fans easily no matter where they are located.

You would be surprised at the items that have been collecting dust in some of the garages and attics of many worldwide households. When it’s time to do a little spring
cleaning, eBay fills with some of the unwanted possessions from a wide range of characters. You never know when that collectible you’ve been wanting forever will
appear as a listing. Every day, people take advantage of the chance to grab onto things they would never think they would see again.

Make sure you are prepared the next time you are looking for an item to add to your collection.
Most eBay users find what they are looking for situated all in one category. A helpful way to keep an eye out for potential purchases is to find a category that fits
your needs best. Once you have established a suitable category, you should add it to the Favorites section in your browser. This makes checking in on new items much
easier.

If you’ve been collecting for a while, chances are that you are already quite knowledgeable on the pieces you wish to purchase. This is your time to shine because
often times, a seller doesn’t even know what a great find they have in their possession. They may post a rare item up for less and are unaware of its monetary
potential. Sometimes, important details are not included on a product description, which deters other collectors, but from your expertise, you are able to decipher a
diamond in the rough.

Sometimes, emailing a seller to ask questions is a good way to confirm your suspicions. If you can bear to part with it once you’ve acquired it, you may want to resale
the item to make a larger profit.

If a seller lists that they are selling an item that is “rare”, keep in mind that this is not always true. Sellers are regular people like you and me, who have been
known to stretch the truth a bit in order to attract potential buyers. Some sellers will just put the word into their descriptions because they think it makes the item
sound better, not knowing the complications. Don’t fall into the trap of bidding on something you aren’t familiar with.

Some people will aggressively bid on an item like it is the last auction in the world. Consider all of the thousands, something millions of items that newly appear on
eBay and remember that usually, what comes around goes around. You’ll have your chance to find something just like it, if not the same. It is OK to walk away from a
negotiation when the stakes get too steep. When you don’t turn the other cheek, you will wind up paying too much for the item. Bidding wars can become quite expensive.

Even though you win an item at a reasonably low price, you must factor in the cost to ship it to you when the final bill rolls around. It doesn’t make sense paying $20
in shipping costs for an item you won for $2, does it? A nice way to get around some costs is to buy a few items from the same seller, who will then often offer
discounted postage.

The meaning of the word photography is a Greek word that means “light writing” or literally – writing with light. Photographers play with light more than anything, along with focus and total composition – the three key features of all memorable photographs. We, as photographers, attempt to control, manipulate, and exploit light. Why? All photographs depend on light more than anything, further enhanced by focus and compositional aspects.

The best source of natural light is the sun, but it is best to avoid taking pictures at noon, when the sun is at its zenith. It throws very short shadows and produces an intense, white light that is not good for taking pictures. The best light is when the sun is lower on the horizon – either in the morning or in the evening. During these hours, light has a soft golden red hue that adds to the colors in the picture. Some photographers suggest taking landscape or outdoor pictures two hours before sunset or two hours after sunrise.

The availability of light becomes even more critical in indoor photography. One way to overcome the scantiness of light is to use a flash. The other is to go for a longer exposure so that the sensor is sufficiently charged. However, when doing so you should use a tripod as it takes away the possibility of the unsteadiness.

Technically, focus is also called an “image point” or “focusing point.” The word focus means “fire” or “furnace” in Latin – as a black sheet of paper will burn if sunlight is collected, or focused, in one spot. The image is said to be in focus if the light from object points converge ABOUT as well as IN the image – therefore it is out of focus it the light is not well converged. The “circle of confusion” criterion is the border between these conditions. All of this comes together to make the photograph or picture appeal sharp.

Measuring the distance from the main subject of the photo, and then adjusting the len’s focus ring to the appropriate number can set a focus. To shoot the subject at infinity distance, the distance needs to be made between the lens and the film equal to the focal length. What it all boils down to it this – simply changing the distance between the lens and the film. When done, the position of the plane with sharp focus will become altered.

Some of the points that you need to keep in mind while fixing focus are that a small aperture will produce a wider depth of field, which is most suited for landscapes. To narrow the size of the aperture you need to increase the f-stop settings. Also, for portraits or single subjects you need wide aperture. This will reduce the depth of field and the focus will be sharper.

Finally, yet importantly is composition – the ability to make some photographs more appealing than others. How it is done depends a lot on the photographer, and the method chosen. Sometimes a photograph can be put together by the placement of certain objects and they are positioned. Others, shifting the camera until the composition is changed slightly, can also use the point of view; the center of interest should be the most visually appealing.

The other areas of the picture are important also, as they need to complement this center of interest. However, these centers are static unless they are off-center subject placement. Experiment with several pictures, choosing several different positions. Questions need to be asked, such as how much of the subject should be chosen – the whole body, parts of the body, or a close up of a certain aspect. Should it be framed horizontally or vertically? Geometric shapes can be used to help the picture composition. Use triangles, or thirds, to add a strong sense of unity to the photograph.

Composition helps you frame the photograph by removing the extraneous elements from the scene. You can place the subject in the middle of the frame, along the diagonal or in the corner. You can use light falling through a window to make the frame or use a car’s rearview mirror to frame the subject.

Your effort should be to get as many different angles of your subject, and then select one that focuses best on the subject. Remember, the best-composed photograph is that which draws your attention immediately to the subject.

Once you have mastered these three — light, composition, and focus – you can safely say that you have become a good photographer. The character and quality of them can alter all photographs – bringing out the best detail and tonal shading – and are considered the most critical element in photography.

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Hookah is a growing pop culture trend, and as with any culture, there is a certain amount of etiquette attached to its
practice. As hookah bars become more popular hangouts with upscale crowds, knowing the rules of the road is helpful to
newbies. Many of these rules of etiquette deal with the proper manner of holding, touching, using and passing the hookah
hose.

One of the first rules of the road is out of respect for the culture where the hookah is most predominant, the Middle East.
Because Middle Easterners consider the left hand to be dirty, always use your right hand when handling the hookah hose. The
next important rule to observe is related to a Middle Eastern cultural habit related to touching. Rather than directly
passing the hookah pipe to the next person in your group or at the hookah bar you are visiting, place the hookah pipe on the
table in front of you and let the next person pick it up for himself.

Many hookah bars have hookah pipes with multiple hoses attached. If your hookah pipe has multiple hoses, you should always
plug the end of your pipe when you are not smoking. This helps anyone still smoking to be able to inhale better and not just
suck air. Finally, when you are finished with your hookah hose, wrap it around the shaft to indicate you are done and the
next person may take your spot. Make your hookah the most enjoyable one possible by following these simple rules of
etiquette, and you’ll always be welcomed back to your favorite hookah bar or lounge!

Decorative Hookah Hoses

Many hookah hoses are uniquely designed, and there are numerous decorative and stylish versions available. These crafted
hookah hoses are often advertised as imparting a royal feeling, which is quite believable!

The word that best describes decorative hookah hoses is “exotic”. It’s usually the handles around the mouthpiece that are
the focal point: some are enameled, while others have special wooden Arabic designs, golden plated metal rings, or shiny
varnish. Occasionally they are carved or covered with woven yarns or ornaments. One expensive handle offers inlaid mosaics,
which is actually a work of art!

The hose that connects to the hookah is more than just a flexible tube; it is frequently quite beautiful itself. One Syrian
model is made from materials resembling tiger hide; a few Jordanian models have strikingly brilliant color, and many hookah
hoses are striped! There are even hoses that actually appear to be covered in shag carpet of various colors!

A hookah hose can extend over 70 inches or 2 meters in length, and ranges in price from under $10 to over $20 in U.S.
currency. The two main classifications are the traditional or “Sheik” hookah hose with a straight mouthpiece, and the
Egyptian Cobra hookah hose, whose mouthpiece is shaped like a cobra snake. Both offer distinct advantages for the serious
smoker!

If consumers currently own hookah hoses that seem drab in comparison to these new models, they need not worry- there are now
decorative hookah hose covers to make theirs every bit as glamorous!

For a first-time book binder, the possibilities are endless in terms of materials, styles and one can let your creative
imagination run wild. One is always on the look out for places where the best book binding materials are available at the
best rates to suit your requirements. There are some places where you would get what you need regardless of your budget
constraints. All you need is a little inclination towards some craft work, time, and a whole lot of imagination and you are
on your way to book binding. The possibilities are endless and the materials you can use can range from simple stickers to
decoupage to papier mache, painting, and well, you get the general idea!

If you are into decorative things then the local craft shop will have a lot of things you use imaginatively. Ensure that the
binding you have done is durable and strong and then add the finishing touches to give it that special feel. From actual
binding material to leather to little decorative pieces, all are normally found at the craft store. The book store is
another good place to look around in. there are books galore especially the ‘how to’ books on book binding and decoration to
help you though the binding process and ensure your job looks professional. Some known titles in this series are John
Ashman’s Bookbinding: A Beginner’s Manual, Manly Banister’s The Craft of Bookbinding and Bookbinding and the Care of Books
written by Douglas Cockrell. Your library may also stock books of this genre and you may not have to buy them unless you are
a collector of books.

Print shops and local copy supply stores are other places where you can get book binding material. Office supply stores also
cater to this type of clientele and a good idea would be to get in touch with the local publishing companies where you may
get some discounts, tips on how to bind books and what points to keep in mind to avoid going wrong, material for various
types of book binding or maybe they just might do the job for you at reduced rates.

The Internet is without question the most logical place to find this kind of information. Here you would get addresses and
prices and also a list of things that you may need. Order online or else go to the concerned store and you know what exactly
to buy and how much it is going to cost you. Things like binding needles, normally priced between $7-$13, and other types of
specific binding equipment is available on the net. You can get ideas for maybe a renaissance look or a gothic look, explore
new ways, ideas, and methods for that exclusive look that you would like. After your first successful venture, you just may
get bitten by the bookbinding bug and who knows, there go all your albums, journals, school memorabilia all into fantastic
covers and preserved for posterity. You may even branch out to giving self bound books as gifts to your friends. The sky is
really the limit. Happy binding.